Marble Machine Sculpture for Science Communication. What role does AI play in Protein Folding research?

What does AI mean for research?

Protein research has been quietly transformed. AI tools like AlphaFold now predict molecular structures in hours that once took decades of painstaking lab work. But the science is abstract, the tools invisible, and the implications difficult to grasp. VISTA Science Experience Center commissioned us to make this shift legible to visitors.

 

Embodying the Abstract

The central design challenge emerged immediately: how do you give physical form to artificial intelligence without falling into tired metaphors or sterile visualizations? We started our process by meeting the scientists themselves.

Meeting the Scientists

Our collaboration began with extensive interviews with researchers Alex Bronstein and Florian Praetorius, as well as visits to their groups' labs. These conversations revealed what a day in the life of a cutting-edge scientist truly looks like — how they actually use and develop these tools, where their work is misunderstood, and what fears and hopes surround it.

 

Building on these insights, we developed wireframes in close collaboration with Alex and Florian. Early sketches were tested against the realities of their daily work, and refined through ongoing feedback rounds ensuring the design genuinely reflected how they think and work.

Gamification

The UI design needed to reflect the dual nature of protein research: both organic and computational. We developed a visual language that mirrors the colors of "amino acids" in our digital interfaces, creating an immediate connection between the molecular world and its digital representation.

Enter Machine Learning

Machine learning fundamentally changes the scientific process. Systems like Rosetta and other computational tools shift research from careful, individual observations to massive parallel processing. The implications extend far beyond efficiency: they challenge our understanding of how discovery happens.

Marble Machine Representing Computational Loops

From our first sketches, we knew the installation required something tangible. Something visitors could watch, follow, almost predict, and then lose. The marble tracks… a small engineered ecosystem. Each track, made from a readily available system, runs on custom-built active components. The code then creates a continuous dialogue between physical and digital, three tracks embodying three different approaches to scientific inquiry.

The marble track mirrors this philosophy through complete transparency. Every movement is traceable, slow and deliberate, allowing visitors to follow each decision point and understand the underlying logic.

The marble tracks embody this acceleration through tunnels, self-folding paths, electric switches, and multiple simultaneous routes. The physical system becomes a metaphor for AI's ability to explore many possibilities simultaneously, folding in on itself like the proteins it designs.

Three Speculative Futures

What now? How will the future "unfold"? ;-) As speculative designers, we developed three distinct lenses through which visitors can explore potential futures. Each scenario presents different relationships between humans, AI, and scientific discovery, inviting contemplation rather than providing definitive answers.

1. AI as Scientist

In this future, artificial intelligence designs faster than any human, solving problems we no longer fully understand. Scientific progress accelerates, but its logic becomes hidden within machine processes. The fundamental question emerges: what happens when the answers become unreadable to human comprehension?

2. Symbiotic Collaboration

The symbiotic collaboration scenario imagines AI handling computational heavy lifting—fluid systems, ecosystems, entire networks of microbial life. But tools built by humans risk shaping the world in our image. The critical question becomes: can we build with nature, not over it?

3. Biohacking Chaos

In the final scenario, AI tools become unlocked, remixed, and reshaped by anyone with open-source access. Innovation explodes, but so do the risks. The democratization of powerful biological design tools raises urgent questions about governance and responsibility. What do you grow in a world without rules?

Our relationship with AI

The installation integrates all elements: context, contemporary science, speculative futures, and physical interaction, into a cohesive experience that invites both understanding and reflection.

AI is no magic, but a tool with profound implications. By grounding abstract concepts in physical interactions and historical context, we create lasting connections. Designed experiences like this foster genuine comprehension by engaging multiple forms of intelligence: visual, kinesthetic, emotional, and analytical. Visitors leave not just informed, but transformed in their relationship to both science and artificial intelligence.

Credits

Commissioned by: VISTA Science Experience Center · Curators: Stephanie Kneissl, Florian Semlitsch, Theresa Steiner · Exhibition Design: Nofrontiere Design GmbH · Design: Lucy Li, Leo Mühlfeld · Code: Alan Schiegl, · Technical Assistance: Alexander Hackl · Thanks to: Quentin Bolsée, Alan Han